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sábado, 5 de abril de 2014

Grammar - Present Tense

GRAMMAR
The Present Tense
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
Quando o sujeito da frase for “He”, “she”, ou “it”, acrescenta-se “s” à forma do infinitivo sem o TO. Vejamos os exemplos:
TO COME
I come
You come
He comes
She comes
It comes
We come
You come
They come
Compare as frases a seguir, observando os sujeitos.
I like to eat hot dogs.
Sujeito I + verbo sem s
He likes to eat hot dogs.
Sujeito He + verbo com s.

A 3ª pessoa do singular do Present Tense dos verbos terminados em consoantes sibilantes(s, z, sh, ch) é formada acrescentando –se es. Assim:
INFINITO                                           3ª P. SINGULAR
To brush (escovar)                         He brushes
To guess (adivinhar)                      He guesses
To watch (assistir, observar, ver) He watches

Também acrescenta-se es à 3ª pessoa do singular dos verbos terminados em ‘o” precedido de consoante.
INFINITIVO               3ª P. SINGULAR
To go(ir)                                 He goes
To do (fazer)                         He does
Na 3ª pessoa do singular dos verbos terminados em ‘y” precedido de consoante traça-se o y por i e acrescenta-se es.

INFINITIVO                                            3ª P. SINGULAR
To study (estudar)                                He studies
To worry (preocupar-se)                        He worries
Lembre-se:
S, z, x, sh, ch _+ “es”
Consoante + o_+ ”es”
Consoante+y_+ ”ies”
The Simple Present of the verbs TO BRUSH, TO GO, TO STUDY.
AFFIRMATIVE                     AFFIRMATIVE                                AFFIRMATIVE
I brush                                   I go                                         I study
You brush                            you go                                   you study
He brushes                          He goes                                He studies
She brushes                                    She goes                              She studies
It brushes                             It goes                                   It studies
We brush                              We go                                                We study
You brush                            You go                                  You study
They brush                           They go                                 They study

FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Quando o sujeito for “He”, “she”, “it’, usa-se o auxiliar DOES antes do sujeito e o verbo retorna à forma de infinitivo sem TO. Veja melhor através do exemplo:
AFIR.: She studies math on Mondays.
INT.: Does she study math on Monday?
DOES foi colocado antes so sujeito “she” e STUDIES voltou à forma original de infinitivo, isto é, STUDU.
Assim como DO, DOES é um auxiliar que não tem qualquer significado. Ele aparece apenas como indicador de interrogativa.
The Present Tense of the verb TO GO:
TO GO
AFFIRMATIVE                                INTERROGATIVE
I go                                                     Do I go?
You go                                              Do you go?
He goes                                            Does He go?
She goes                                          Does she go?
It goes                                               Does it go?
We go                                                           Do we go?
You go                                              Do you go?
They go                                            Do they go?

FORMA NEGATIVA
Na 3ª pessoa do singular usa-se DOES NOT após o sujeito e o verbo retorna à forma original de infinitivo. A forma contrata de DOES NOT é DOESN’T.
Observe o exemplo:
AFIR.: He takes a bus to go school
NEG.: He doesnot take a bus to go school.
NEG. CONTRATA.: He doesn’t take a bus to go school.
The Present Tense of the verb TO LIKE:
AFFIRMATIVE                     NEGATIVE
I like                                       I do not like
You like                                You do not like
He likes                                 He does not like
She likes                               She does not like
It likes                                    It does not like
We likes                                We do not like
You like                                You do not like

They like                               They do not like

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